Trong bài viết này, IPPEDU sẽ tổng hợp những quy tắc viết câu và điểm ngữ pháp quan trọng cho bài thi IELTS Writing, chắc chắn giúp bạn đạt band 5.0+ một cách hiệu quả!

RULES FOR SENTENCE FORMATION FOR IELTS WRITING BAND 4.0 - 5.0

1. Viết 1 câu có tối đa 2 VẾ - 2 CLAUSES, không dài hơn

Ví dụ:

Câu phức: Students who join intership programs [cụm danh từ làm subject] || can develop strong communication skills, which can enable them to work effectively at workplaces. [câu này có 2 Relative clauses => đủ dài rồi không dài hơn]

Câu ghép: Because joining intership programs || can enable workers to develop strong communication skills, these students || can work effectively at workplaces after their graduation. [câu ghép có 2 clauses]

2. Xác định quan hệ giữa các câu trong 1 đoạn để sắp xếp cho hiệu quả. Thông thường Câu số 02 sẽ là kết quả Câu số 1.

Ví dụ - đoạn văn nói về “the benefits of online shopping”

[Topic sentence] There are two main benefits of online shopping. [S01 - đặc điểm của online shopping] Firstly, because online stores || do not have to spend money on retal fees or large storage, they || can reduce their costs. [S02 - phân tích lợi ích cho người tiêu dùng] As a result, = Therefore, the prices of online products are cheaper, thus benefiting consumers. Secondly, ………

[Topic sentence] There are two main benefits of online shopping. [S01 - đặc điểm của online shopping] Firstly, not having to spend money on retal fees or large storage like traditional stores, online shops || can reduce their costs. [S02 - phân tích lợi ích cho người tiêu dùng] This advantage = This trend = This tendency can make online products cheaper for consumers, who can save a lot of money. Secondly, ………

3. Các mối quan hệ và phrases trong câu mà học viên Band 4.0 - 5.0 cần nắm

• Quan hệ Cause - Effect
• Quan hệ Contrasting - Comparing
• Cách brainstorm từ bối cảnh sống
• Cách dùng đúng các cụm như “such as” // “as opposed to” // “including”
• Cách viết câu đơn, câu ghép chính xác => tuyệt đối không có fragments trong câu viết
• Cách dùng articles, relative clauses, if-clauses chính xác
• Chú ý vào plural forms của nouns & verbs, dùng đúng word forms, verb forms trong bài viết
• Các advanced GR structures khác: misplaed modifiers, dangling modifiers, comparatives, superlatives, clauses => học lần lượt trong AIM 5+

IMPORTANT GRAMMAR POINTS TO WRITE CORRECT SENTENCES FOR IELTS WRITING BAND 4.0 - 5.0

1. Dùng đúng “such as” // “as opposed to” // “including”

INCORRECT: Children usually love sweet things during their meals such as chocolate, candies, and cookies.

CORRECT: Children usually love sweet things such as chocolate, candies, and cookies.

[chữ “such as” kế bên danh từ nó bổ nghĩa & sau “such as” là 1 chuỗi các danh từ]

INCORRECT: Activities such as run, yoga, swimming || are good for health.

CORRECT: Activities such as running, doing yoga, and swimming || are good for health. 

[phía sau “such as” là chuỗi danh từ, không dùng verbs hay adjectives hay 1 clause vào]

Dùng “including”

• Activities INCLUDING running, doing yoga, and swimming || are good for health.
• There are several benefits of doing exercise, including improved immune system, better mental wellbeing, and stress relief.

Dùng “as opposed to” + NOUN

• As opposed to the growing tendency to apply technological development, many companies || still keep their traditional craftsmanship.
• As opposed to females’ calm manners, males are usually more aggressive in conflicts.

2. Plural forms of nouns

Tất cả DANH TỪ NÓI CHUNG đều cần viết theo các định dạng sau:

• Countable nouns: Bananas || are good for health. [không dùng “the banana”, “banana”, hay “a banana” chỉ có thể dùng plural forms nói chung] => All children || should go to schools. // Parents || need to take care of their children.
• Uncountable nouns: Happiness || is important. [happiness là danh từ không đếm được]
• Dùng “the” khi có từ “of” ở sau, ví dụ: the development of the economy, the growth of children, the negative behaviors of some abandoned children
• Hạn chế dùng “you” trong bài mà thay bằng people, individuals hoặc nhóm đối tượng như the young = young children

3. Verbforms & Correct wordforms

Chú ý WORD FORMS & VERB FORMS khi viết:

• Các verbs đi với V-ing: enjoy//dislike//look forward to//insist on//dream of//deny//admit// consider//mind//imagine//resist//avoid//delay//detest
• Các verbs đi với to V-infinitive: plan//promise//propose//need//want//ask //appear//arrange//choose//dare///deserve//hope////fail//afford//desire//expect//preten//volunteer
• Các verbs theo mẫu verb + sb + to do sth: expect sb to do sth, require sb to do sth, hope sb to do sth, cause=prompt=urge=force=compel sb to do sth, enable=encourage=allow sb to do sth, …
• Các verbs theo mẫu verb + sb + [preposition] doing sth: prevent=deter=stop sb from doing sth; lure sb into doing sth

4. Dùng đúng câu đơn, câu ghép

CÂU ĐƠN: Young people || tend to mimic their idols’ behaviors. 

CÂU GHÉP: Young people || tend to mimic their idols’ behaviors, which can be either good or bad. [câu có 2 vế]

CÂU GHÉP: Because young people || are so naive, they || tend to mimic their idols’ behaviors, which can be either good or bad. [câu có 3 vế]

CÂU GHÉP: Naive young people || tend to mimic their idols’ behaviors, which can be either good or bad; therefore, it is important to monitor the young. [câu có 3 vế]

=> Khi viết, bạn nên dùng dấu || để đảm bảo viết đúng GR, câu có S-V đầy đủ.

5. Dùng đúng articles, relative clauses, if-clauses

+ Passive Voice

Children || should be supervised by their parents.

Young people || can be taught carefully in order to grow healthily.

+ Complex & Compound Sentences

FANBOYS: S||V, so//and//but//yet S||V.

Contrast Language

=> Although = Even though the government || has poured lots of money into transport, the number of road accidents || still increases.

=> Despite her immense efforts, Marry || still failed the test.

Cause-Effect Language

=> Because = Since the government || has poured lots of money into transport, the number of road accidents || has declined.

=> Because of her immense efforts, Marry || passed the test.

+ Conditional If 1 & 2

If Clause 01

=>If the government || pours lots of money into transport, the number of road accidents || will increase.

If Clause 02

=> If I || were born in the US, I || would have a better life.

+ Adjectives & Adverbs

=> Road users || should drive carefully. = Road users || should drive in a careful manner.

=> People || need to actively stay fit. = People || should be active in their daily exercise.

+ Modal Verbs

=> The government || can invest in road infrastructure to reduce accidents.

=> People || tend to = are likely to stay at home during holiday.

+ Relative Clauses

=> People who love singing || tend to apply for a part-time singing job.

=> Parent || usually take their children to parks where they || can play together. 

CÁC QUAN HỆ CÂU & VIẾT CÂU CHO HỌC VIÊN BAND 4.0 - 5.0 IELTS WRITING

Cause-Effect Language

Cause: higher demand for products => increase industrial production

Effect: release large amounts of harmful waste into the atmosphere & rivers => serious pollution

FORM SENTENCES FOR THE FOLLOWING IDEAS

Cause: available fast food at stores on the streets => buy anytime and have a quick meal on their way to school/work

Effect: have sth to eat // better than eating nothing at all

Cause: advanced technology => apply modern appliances in various fields such as XX

Effect: reduce working time // save workers are hazardous working environment

COMMON MISTAKE: Pollution would lead people to suffer from diseases. => rất sai GR nha!

Dùng: lead to=result in=give rise to=cause + NOUN

=> Higher demand for products || would increase industrial production, thus releasing large amounts of harmful waste into the atmosphere and rivers and causing serious pollution. 

Dùng: Because=Since

=> Because/Since higher demand for products || would increase industrial production, large amounts of harmful waste || are discharged into the atmosphere and rivers and cause serious pollution. 

Dùng: compel=force=prompt=urge=cause [sb] [to do [sth] [khiến sb làm gì đó]

=> Because higher demand for products || can force=prompt companies to increase industrial production, these companies || might release large amounts of harmful waste into the atmosphere and rivers and cause serious air and water pollution.

Comparing & Contrasting

Main idea: I do exercise every day

Contrasting idea: I seem to lose no weight

FORM SENTENCES FOR THE FOLLOWING IDEAS

Main idea: lots of difficulties during doctor training

Contrasting idea: improve technical skills dramatically

Main idea: the government should invest in job training programs.

Contrasting idea: these programs are expensive

Some people: like outdoor activities

Others: like lying on their beds and doing nothing

young people: prefer going to cinema to watch films

old people: love watching movies at home

Though // Although // Even though​

Although I do exercise every day, I seem to lose no weight

However // Nonetheless

We need to improve the local infrastructure. However, we must also respect nature. = We need to improve the local infrastructure; nonetheless, we must also respect nature.

Despite // In spite of + NOUN

Despite the difficulty, students || will soon see the benefit of this topic of study.

on the contrary // on the other hand

I thought this film was boring. On the contrary, it was very excellent. = I thought this film was boring, but on the contrary, it was very excellent.

while // whereas // unlike

+      Jane is kind and funny, unlike her sister.

+      Jane is kind and funny, while her sister is reserved.

+      Unlike parents in the past, parents || now tend to overprotect their children. 

Likewise, // Similarly, // Like + NOUN

+      Companies || try to be more eco-friendly by using technology. Likewise, they are also committed so social projects.

+      Some UK companies || try to be more eco-friendly by using technology. Similarly, their American counterparts || also invest in this. = Like UK companies, some American ones || invest in eco-friendly technology.

Describe the modern context => explain sth

Growing competitiveness in the modern world: a busy schedule => have no time to cook // need to spend time on more important tasks => having robots to support household chores => spare more time for relaxation & family bonding

EXPLAIN THE REASON FOR THE INCREASING JUVENILE CRIME RATE

A busy schedule in modern digital world

=> work & study around the clock // spare little time to take care of children

=> let children play with bad friends & watch violent films without control

=> the young would mimic illegal actions & follow bad friends => commit crimes

FORM 02 SENTENCES

VERSION 01: Firstly, the growing competitiveness in the modern world would mean that many people || have a busy schedule and no time for household chores. Therefore, having robots to support these tasks can enable=allow them to spare more time for relaxation and family bonding, so their overall lives || can be improved.

VERSION 02: Firstly, due to the growing competitiveness in the modern world, many people || have a busy schedule and no time for household chores. If such tasks || are handled by robots, people || can spare more time for relaxation and family bonding, which can uplift their overall lives.

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