Chiến thuật IELTS Reading – Dạng 4: Diagram Labelling – Excellent Tips for Diagram Labelling Questions

Trong bài viết này, IPP sẽ hướng dẫn chiến thuật làm bài dạng Diagram Labelling để đạt band điểm cao trong IELTS Reading. 

1. Các bước làm bài dạng Diagram Labelling trong IELTS Reading

+ STEP 01: xem kỹ diagram trong đề bài và xác định word form của những từ cần điền vào trong diagram (là noun, verb, hay adjective), xem kỹ yêu cầu đề bài => điền bao nhiêu từ vào chỗ trống: ví dụ WRITE ONE WORD ONLY // WRITE TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER // WRITE THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER. Các từ ghép như one-year, three-layer đều tính là một từ.

+ STEP 02: Lưu ý là đoạn chứa thông tin để điền trong DIAGRAM đưa ra thường gói gọn trong 1-2 đoạn văn cố định trong bài, tuyệt đối không trải dài cả bài. Thứ tự xuất hiện của các từ bạn cần điền có thể không đi theo thứ tự của đoạn văn nhưng chắc chắc là nằm gọn trong 1-2 đoạn. => Xác định rõ đoạn văn chức thông tin trong bài. 

+ STEP 03: Dựa vao keywords để locate chính xác từng câu miêu tả diagram nằm ở đâu trong bài. Phân tích và đối chiếu các SYNONYMS trong đoạn text với các từ trong DIAGRAM.  

QUESTIONS: Label the diagram below. Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.

Raising the hull of the Mary Rose: Stages one and two

Q9 => [noun] sth mà attached to hull by wires 

Q10 => [noun] sth để prevent the hull from being sucked into mud 

Q11 => [noun] sth có liên quan đến “legs” 

Q12 => [noun] sth liên quan đến “hull” mà “lowered” (hạ xuống) 

Q13 => [noun] sth mà dùng như “extra-protection” for the hull 

• tất cả các câu đều nhắc đến 1 vật là “the hull” và cần tìm đoạn mà nhắc đến “wires” để mở đầu cho đoạn cần locating. 2 diagrams => dự đoán là có 2 stages trong quá trình 

READING TEXT

An important factor in trying to salvage the Mary Rose was that the remaining hull was an open shell. This led to an important decision being taken: namely to carry out the lifting operation in three very distinct stages. The hull was attached to a lifting frame via a network of bolts and lifting wires. The problem of the hull being sucked back downwards into the mud was overcome by using 12 hydraulic jacks [Q9&Q10]. These raised it a few centimetres over a period of several days, as the lifting frame rose slowly up its four legs. It was only when the hull was hanging freely from the lifting frame, clear of the seabed and the suction effect of the surrounding mud, that the salvage operation progressed to the second stage [the second stage => the second diagram]. In this stage, the lifting frame was fixed to a hook attached to a crane, and the hull was lifted completely clear of the seabed and transferred underwater into the lifting cradle [Q12]. This required precise positioning to locate the legs into the stabbing guides of the lifting cradle [Q11]. The lifting cradle was designed to fit the hull using archaeological survey drawings, and was fitted with air bags to provide additional cushioning for the hull’s delicate timber framework [Q13]. The third and final stage was to lift the entire structure into the air, by which time the hull was also supported from below. 

KEY & EXPLANATION

2. Practice test

Questions 01 – 05 [DURATION: 12 mins] 

How Does Night Vision Work

Night vision technology has transformed from old-fashioned bulky devices to compact sophisticated equipment that can intensify any light source up to 50,000 times. A device for night vision was first developed in the 1930s by the German military, and later by the Americans. Today, it has become an essential device in the kit of soldiers, permitting them to find out their targets in reduced visibility or complete darkness and move around in comparative safety as there are fewer chances of a surprise attack. ‘It improves their mobility, their survivability and their lethality’, says Lt. Col. Timothy Fuller.

So, what makes night vision possible? Light is an electromagnetic wave, and the entire range of light that exists is termed as the electromagnetic spectrum. The light visible to humans is only a part of this spectrum, while infrared light and ultraviolet light are invisible to naked eyes. The night vision devices work on two different technologies. The first is image enhancement using the tiny amount of light available which is collected and amplified to the extent that we can easily see the image. Thermal imaging, on the other hand, functions by capturing the higher areas of the infrared spectrum, which is radiated by objects as heat instead of light. 

Even on dark nights, the stars and the moon emit near-infrared light. In a device that works on image enhancement technique, this faint light is captured to amplify it to a visible level. As the light consisting of photons enters the front lens of the image intensifier tube, it hits a photocathode which converts the photons into electrons. These electrons multiply as they pass through a thin microchannel plate. At the end of the tube, the electrons strike a phosphor screen which converts them back into photons and creates an image, usually green, on the screen. Since more photons are emerging than those which entered the tube, the image is much brighter than the original scene. Rich Urich, director of operations at Night Vision Equipment Company in Prescott Valley Arizona, says, ‘The reason it is green is because when you put the unit down, you want your eyes to remain dilated so you can see in dim light.’ 

Thermal imaging devices record the temperature difference between an object and its surroundings using a sensor called a microbolometer. An image of the object is created, which is then sent to the display where the user can see it.

However, it is not only in warfare that this technology finds use. Night vision equipment is used extensively by law enforcement departments to detect criminals in the dark. They are also used on borders to keep a check on illegal crossings. The technology is also used to find leaks and repair insulation in homes.

Label the diagram below. 

Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.

VOCABULARY LIST

• bulky (adj.): cồng kềnh
• permit (v.): cho phép
• lethality (n.): tính sát thương
• electromagnetic (ad.j) spectrum (n.): quang phổ điện từ
• thermal (adj.) imaging (v.): hình ảnh nhiệt // biểu đồ nhiệt
• emit (v.) near-infrared (adj.) light (n): phát ra tia sáng cận hồng ngoại
• intensifier (adj.) tube (n.): ống tăng cường (nằm trong thiết bị nhìn đêm)
• photocathode (adj./n.): quang điện
• microchannel (adj.) plate (n.): tấm vi kênh (nằm trong thiết bị nhìn đêm)
• phosphor screen (n.): màn phốt pho
• dilated (adj.): giãn ra
• dim (adj.) light (n.): ánh sáng mờ
• survivability (n.): sự sống còn, khả năng sống còn
• amplify (v.): nhân rộng, phóng đại
• the infrared spectrum (n.): quang phổ hồng ngoại 
• illegal (adj.) crossings (n.): hành vi băng qua đường sai luật
• repair (v.) insulation (n.): sửa thiết bị cách nhiệt

Các bạn lưu lại bài viết để tham khảo và học thật tốt IELTS Reading nhé!

Hãy ghé IPPEdu ngay để có cơ hội được học trực tiếp với các giáo viên IELTS 8.0+ giúp nâng cao kỹ năng reading của mình nha! Để biết được trình độ của mình đang ở level nào thì bạn có thể tham gia Test miễn phí tại IPPEdu nhé!

Theo dõi ngay fanpage IPP IELTS – A Holistic Approach to IELTS để nhận được thêm những nội dung hấp dẫn bạn nhé!